在前一章的学习中，我们主要讲解了如何在读文章过程中更好的运用结构层次法。紧接着，在能够正确使用结构层次法之后，我们还需要理解每个结构层次讲的主要内容是什么，即提取关键词。

关键词怎么提取，关键词绝对不是当你看完一句话之后孤立的提取出来的，也就是当你没有在和上下文进行对比的时候，是不能真正立马确定这个层次的核心内容是什么。

那我们如何提取关键词？以雷哥GMAT教材讲义第8篇文章为例

1. Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation. （1）According to Summers, Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated：not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. （2）Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale's place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.

2. By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. （1）They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training hospital in London. （2） Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable：as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860’s.

3. I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity. （1）When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator. （2）Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers. 4. In sum, although Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects have earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers.

 步骤一、“结构提取动词” 

按照读文章的顺序，我们先读每段首句。

1. Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks todebunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation.

2. By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations.

3. I believe that the evidence of her letters supports continued respect for Nightingale's brilliance and creativity.

第一结构，说到Anne Summers 想debunk idealizations，提取debunk，即Anne Summers对Florence Nightingale的评价是负面的，层次内容若无转折词，即和结构逻辑方向一致，都是负面评价。

第二结构By contrast，此时不用提取动词也知道editors对于Florence Nightingale的评价是正面的，层次内容若无转折词，即和结构逻辑方向一致，都是负面评价。

第三结构I believe，无转折词，且动词为supports，对Florence Nightingale的评价是正面的。

 步骤二、“层次提取名词” 

1. Two recent publications offer different assessments of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale. A book by Anne Summers seeks to debunk the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale's heroic reputation.（1）According to Summers, Nightingale's importance during the Crimean War has been exaggerated：not until near the war's end did she become supervisor of the female nurses.（2）Additionally, Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic. Nightingale's place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters.

根据结构层次法，递进分层，现在需要提取层次关键词，第一层和第二层有个重合内容，nurses，根据nurses，对比找差异，这个时候我们会发现第一层次讲的是Nightingale's importance 在Crimean War期间，监管female nurses这个方面，第二层次讲的就不是Nightingale了，而是整个护理事业的贡献contribution of the nurses。很多同学在提取层次关键词时，容易提取表达情感色彩的动词exaggerated，或者marginal，这其实有些重复了，因为我们在一开始就已经知道了Anne Summers的态度，那么她层次内容。不管给出什么理由都是来支撑她自己的观点的，即她都会说这些东西不好。那我们只要记住debunk就可以了。

2. By contrast, the editors of a new volume of Nightingale's letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations. （1）They highlight her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war. For example, when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training hospital in London. （2） Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was formidable：as recently as 1947 the British Army's medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860’s.

同理，第二结构抓住了editors是正面评价之后，层次内容我们只要知道她用了哪些方面的内容来说Nightingale好就可以了。根据方法Even递进分层，两个层次讲了不同的方面，第一层次sanitary conditions，第二层次administrative matters，同时需要稍微记一下，这两个方面都有给出具体的例子。

在运用结构层次法提取关键词时，需要大家把握核心重点，重点体现在结构与层次的展开，层次与层次的对比中。